Cytokines and Growth Factors - Cytokines and Growth Factors

Recombinant murine GM-CSF produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain of 125 amino acids and a molecular mass of 14,285 Dalton. The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependant stimulation of the proliferation of murine FDC-P1 cell line is <0.2ng/mL, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 5,000,000 IU/mg. GMCSF is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13. GM-CSF stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. Synonyms: CSF-2, MGI-1GM, GM-CSF, Pluripoietin-alpha, Molgramostin, Sargramostim. Synonyms: CSF-2, MGI-1GM, GM-CSF, Pluripoietin-alpha, Molgramostin, Sargramostim. Biological activity: The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependant stimulation of the proliferation of murine FDC-P1 cell line is <0.2ng/mL, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 5,000,000 IU/mg. Sequence: The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids is Met-Ala-Pro-Thr-Arg.

Description: Recombinant Human IL-15 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide of 114 amino acids and a molecular mass of 12.8 kDa.  The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities. They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2. IL-15 induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding the same protein have been reported. Biological activity: The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependant stimulation of the proliferation of CTLL-2 was found to be <0.45ng/mL, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 3 x 106 IU/mg. Amino acid sequence: MNWVNVISDL KKIEDLIQSM HIDATLYTES DVHPSCKVTA MKCFLLELQV ISLESGDASI HDTVENLIIL ANNSLSSNGN VTESGCKECE ELEEKNIKEF LQSFVHIVQM FINTS  rec. human Interleukin-2; rec. Mouse Interleukin-2, rec. Rat Interleukin-2, rec. human Interleukin-7, rec. human Interleukin-15

Thidiazuron (TDZ) a urea derivative which acts as a cytokinin-active plant growth regulator used in micropropagations to supplement media such as Murashige and Skoog medium. TDZ promotes plant organogenesis (shoot regeneration) and plant regeneration. Thidiazuron (TDZ) enables the production of virus-free stock plants, speeds up breeding, and provides new genotypes for the market. Synonyms: 6-Furfurylaminopurine; N6-Furfuryladenine; Furfuryl(purin-6-yl)amine. Other active phytohormones are: Kinetin (C4304) >, Zeatin (C4301) > and 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP). Antibiotics used in plant cell culture are: Rifampicin, Carbenicillin or Kanamycin sulfate (M3129) >.

Human GM-CSF produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain of 127 amino acids and a molecular mass of 14,477 Dalton. The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependant stimulation of the proliferation of human TF-1 cells (human erythroleukemic indicator cell line) is 0.1ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity of 11 x 10E6 IU/mg. GM-CSF is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins IL-4 >, IL-5 >, and IL-13 >. GM-CSF stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. Synonyms: CSF-2, MGI-1GM, GM-CSF, Pluripoietin-alpha, Molgramostin, Sargramostim, MGC131935, MGC138897.

Zeatin, a phytohormone derived from adenine, belongs to the family of plant growthhormones called cytokinins. Zeatin promotes growth of lateral buds, stimulates cell division, callus initiation and seed germination. Zeatin is used with Murashige & Skoog and other media to promote multiple shoot generation from internodes (promotion of growth of lateral buds giving bushier plants) and high frequency thick spread roots. Zeatin the active ingredient in coconut milk is not very stable in cell culture and therefor often replaced by the structurell related Kinetin (C4304) >. Both substances promote plant growth. Other active phytohormones are: Thidiazuron (TDZ) > and 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP). Antibiotics used in plant cell culture are: Rifampicin, Carbenicillin or Kanamycin sulfate (M3129) >. Zeatin has several anti-aging effects on human skin fibroblasts.