Functional Groups

5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (5(6) TAMRA-SE) is an amine-reactive rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent is widely used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein is a fluorescent dye. Spectral data: Extinction 504nm/Emmission 529nm, in 0.1 M Tris pH 8.0. It is used for the determination of carbohydrates by fluorescence densitometry after TLC, in the determination of H2O2 by chemiluminescence, and as a fluorescent additive used in indirect fluorimetric detection in OTC-HPLC. Used as a component/substrate of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay to quantitate reactive oxygen species (ROS).

4-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-phenyl]azo]-benzoesäure-[3-(iodacetamido)- propyl]-amide is a non-fluorescent FRET quencher. It readily reacts with the thiol group found on cysteine or with thiol-modified oligonucleotides to form a stable carbon-sulfur bond. DABCYL is a non-fluorescent dye molecule which efficiently quenches a variety of fluorescent dyes and is therefore one of the most widely utilized acceptors for FRET-based nucleic acid probes and protease substrates.

Description:The uronic acid residues of all known glycosaminoglycuronans react wit 5-aminofluorescein to yield fluorescent derivatives, which show fluorescence characteristics identical to those of 5-acetamidofluorescein. 5-aminofluorescein is also used to prepare FITC Isomer I.

5-CFDA is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. Once inside the cells, 6-CFDA is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein. Reagent for continuously determining the intracellular pH in bacteria by fluorometry. Labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

5-Carboxyfluoresceinsuccinimidylester. Amine-reactive fluorescein dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 495 nm, Em: 519 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser, making it the predominant fluorophore for confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It has a relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility. Importantly, protein-fluorescein conjugates are not inordinately susceptible to precipitation. The coupling reaction is usually carried out at pH 8-9.5.

Amine-reactive carboxytetramethylrhodamine is one of the most commonly used red fluorescent dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

5'/6'-Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester. Amine-reactive rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 584 nm, Em: 599 nm). The amine-reactive derivative of X-Rhodamine has a long-wave fluorescence emission and is widely used as a fluorescent label for convenient covalent labeling of proteins and alkylaminomodified nucleic acids.

Amine-reactive fluorescein dye marker for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 496 nm, Em: 517 nm). This amine-reactive fluorescein derivatization reagent is widely used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids.Fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488 nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser, making it the predominant fluorophore for confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It has a relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility. Importantly, protein-fluorescein conjugates are not inordinately susceptible to precipitation.

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passivley diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

Fluorescein 5/6-isothiocyanate mixture of 5 and 6 Fluorescein-isothiocyanate. Reagent for the FITC labeling of proteins, Microsequencing of proteins and peptides (HPLC). Biological applications include use as a fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins, a fluorescent reagent for protein tracing, and a reagent in the fluorescent antibody technique for the rapid identification of pathogens. FITC is yellow-orange in color with an absorption maximum at 495 nm. Upon excitation it emits a yellow-green color with an emission maximum at 525 nm. FITC reacts under mild conditions with primary amines. Used in modification of actin at lys-61, Labelling of FAB and the modification of Thiol groups.

Fluorescent probe used for investigation of binding sites of fatty acid and sterol carrier proteins, also used for cell membrane staining.

6-Aminoquinoline N-succinimidyl ester may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and peptides. Suitable for amino acid or protein sequence analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Applications: 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate is used as a derivatization regent for detecting hydrogen cyanamide in fruit.Reference: Cohen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 211, 279 (1993) >; Oreiro-Garcia, M., et al.: Biomed. Chromatogr., 19, 720 (2005); Pramanik, S., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 82, 644 (2009). Synonyms: AQC, 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate.

Amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 584 nm, Em: 599 nm). The amine-reactive derivative of carboxy-X-rhodamine has a long-wave fluorescence emission and is widely used as a fluorescent label for convenient covalent labeling of proteins and alkylaminomodified nucleic acids.

6-CFDA is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. Once inside the cells, 6-CFDA is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein. Reagent for continuously determining the intracellular pH in bacteria by fluorometry. Labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

Amine-reactive carboxytetramethylrhodamine is one of the most commonly used red fluorescent dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

6-FAM is a popular green fluorescent cell-permeable dye. Due to the covalent coupling reaction of 6-FAM-SE, 6-FAM can be retained within cells for extremely long periods and due to this stable linkage, once incorporated within cells the dye is not transferred to adjacent cells. 6-FAM-SE is a amine-reactive fluorescein dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 492 nm, Em: 517 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser, making it the predominant fluorophore for confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It has a relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility. Importantly, protein-fluorescein conjugates are not inordinately susceptible to precipitation. The coupling reaction is usually carried out at pH 8-9.5. Synonym:6-Carboxyfluorescein NHS ester, 6-CFSE, 6-FAM-SE

(S)-trans-2-Amino-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-butenoic acid hydrochloride. AVG (Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of ethylene synthesis in plants acting at the level of 1­aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid synthase. This product offered by Genaxxon is for research use only. It is intented to be used as a standard for analysis.

3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin

4-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-phenyl] azo]-benzoic acid

4-(4,5diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) as reagent for amines was used successfully to derivatize and fluorescence detection enantiomers of methamphetamin and phydroxymethamphetamin, in urine samples. DIBCl showed superior fluorescence intensity (FI) to other commercially available reagents, excellent stability in solution and high reactivity with primary and secondary amines under mild conditions. DIB-Cl as a label was used on fluorescent derivatization some hydroxyl group containing endocrine disruptors, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and 4-nonylphenol (4NP).

Dihydrorhodamine 123 is a cell-permeable non-fluorescent substance used as an indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) substances. Dihydrorhodamine 123 will diffuse across membranes where it is oxidized by peroxynitrite to rhodamine 123 which localizes in the mitochondria and exhibits green fluorescence (Ex/Em wavelengths of 500 and 536 nm). Dihydrorhodamine 123 is used for investigation on reactive oxygen intermediates produced by human and murine phagocytes, activated rat mast cells and cultured endothelial cells. In addition, it has been used together with Fura Red calcium indicator to simultaneously measure oxidative bursts and Ca2+ fluxes in monocytes and granulocytes. Dihydrorhodamine 123 has been shown to be a more sensitive probe than H2DCFDA for detecting granulocyte respiratory bursts.

Fluorescein-diacetate-5/6-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Fluorescein-diacetate-5-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Fluorescein-diacetate-6-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Labeling of cell-surface functional groups (glycophorins). Detection of protein carbonyls in aging tissues.

Lucigenin is a chemoluminescent probe used for the detection of peroxides in biological systems / cells. Upon single-electron reduction of Lucigenin Lucigenin presents an amplified chemiluminescence which is measurable and can be correlated to the respective amount of reactive radical species present in the system. This approach can be used to probe the natural generation of these species as well as the natural functioning of superoxide dismutase and other enzymes responsible for scavenging radicals. The chemical name for Lucigenin bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate. The substance exhibits a bluish-green fluorescence. References:M. Kervinen et al.; Anal. Biochem. 324, 45 (2004)M. Kanemitsu et al.; Anal. Chim. Acta 403, 125 (2000) L.J. Kricka et al.; Methods Enzymol. 305, 333 (2000)K. Faulkner et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 15, 447 (1993)A. Ingvarsson et al.; Anal. Chem. 60, 2047 (1988)P. Corbisier et al.; J. Anal. Biochem. 164, 240 (1987)

The reagent, a cyanine dye, can be used as a label for the determination of proteins with NIR-fluorescent technology. The absorption-maxima of the reagent lies in a region of low interference by other biomolecules. The isothiocyanate-moiety is used to link the reagent to proteins which can sensitively be detected.