Chemicals for Research

5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (5(6) TAMRA-SE) is an amine-reactive rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent is widely used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

Aphidicolin inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells. Aphidicolin is a tool in cell proliferation and differentiation research. Aphidicolin may possibly be used for controlling excessive cell proliferation in cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells. Synonyms:(3-a,4-a,5-,17-a)-3,17-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-9,15-cyclo-C,18-dinor14,15-secoandrostane-4,17-dimethanole. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

(2,7-Diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenylphenanthridium bromide) Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent for nucleic acids. It is widely used for staining of nucleic acids after electrophoresis on agarose or acrylamide gels and for fluorescent labeling on a cesium chloride gradient. As Ethidium bromide is a powerful mutagen and moderately toxic it is highly recommended to use gloves and the GENAXXON bioscience ready-to-use solutions. Reference: Lunn G. and Sansone E.B. (1987) Anal. Biochem., 162, 453 - Sambrock J., Fritsch & E.F. and Maniatis T (1989) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.

Derivatization (fluorescent) reagent for the HPLC determination of aliphatic thiols.

2-Anthracenylsulfonyl chloride

2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein is a fluorescent dye. Spectral data: Extinction 504nm/Emmission 529nm, in 0.1 M Tris pH 8.0. It is used for the determination of carbohydrates by fluorescence densitometry after TLC, in the determination of H2O2 by chemiluminescence, and as a fluorescent additive used in indirect fluorimetric detection in OTC-HPLC. Used as a component/substrate of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay to quantitate reactive oxygen species (ROS).

3-(4,6-Difluorotriazinyl)amino-7-methoxycoumarin is used as a polarity fluorescence probe.

4-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-phenyl]azo]-benzoesäure-[3-(iodacetamido)- propyl]-amide is a non-fluorescent FRET quencher. It readily reacts with the thiol group found on cysteine or with thiol-modified oligonucleotides to form a stable carbon-sulfur bond. DABCYL is a non-fluorescent dye molecule which efficiently quenches a variety of fluorescent dyes and is therefore one of the most widely utilized acceptors for FRET-based nucleic acid probes and protease substrates.

4-(4-Diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide (4-Di-2-ASP). Some cationic mitochondrial dyes such as 4­Di­1­ASP and 4­Di­2­ASP stain presynaptic nerve terminals independent of neuronal activity. The photostable 4­Di­2­ASP dye, which is nontoxic to cells, has been employed to stain living nerve terminals in rabbit corneal epithelium, in rat epidermis and at mouse, snake and frog neuromuscular junctions, as well as to visualize the innervation of the human choroid8 and whole mounts of the gastrointestinal tract. Methods for using 4­Di­2­ASP to image neuronal cells in live animals have been described. Reagent can be used for: - Two-photon absorption of organic / polyoxometalate hybrid dyes - Acting as an acceptor for the 1D light-harvesting antenna - Functional live cell fluorescence imaging for pulmonary neuroepithelial body microenvironments - Studies of solvatochromism and dipole moments of monochromophoric styrylpyridinium dyes.

DAF-2 (4,5-Diaminofluorescein) shows higher photostability than the classical fluorescein derivative DAF. Applications: DAF-2 is highly sensitive reagent for NO detection and determination of nitric oxide synthase activity. DAF-2, however, remains essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with the nitrosonium cation (produced by spontaneous oxidation of nitric oxide) to form a fluorescent heterocycle, which becomes trapped in the cell's cytoplasm. This sensitive fluorescent probe has been used to identify individual nitric oxideproducing neurons in brain slices, in mitochondria and in living plant cells. In the cell, the product reacts rapidly with NO in the presence of O2 to form the highly fluorescent compound triazolofluorescein (DAF-2T (Cat-No. S5442 >)). References: (1) M. Kirsch et al.; J. Pineal Res. 40(1), 10 (2006), (2) V.M. Dirsch et al.; Biol. Proc. Online 5(1), 136 (2003), (3) N. Nagata et al.; J. Biochem. 125(4), 658 (1999), (4) H. Kojima et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46, 373 (1998), (5) H. Kojima et al.; Anal. Chem. 70, 2446 (1998)

4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA) is a highly sensitive probe for the real time detection of NO in vivo. Cell permeable. Application: DAF-2 DA is probably the most successful indicator for nitric oxide. As with other fluorescein diacetates, DAF-2 diacetate is membrane permeant and is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2). Can be used for the fluorimetric detection of nitric oxide and in fluorescence microscopy to measure realtime changes in nitric oxide levels in vivo. References: V.M. Dirsch et al.; Biol. Proc. Online 5, 136 (2003)N. Nagata et al.; J. Biochem. 125(4), 658 (1999)H. Kojima et al.; Anal. Chem. 70(13), 2446 (1998) H. Kojima et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46, 373 (1998) H. Kojima et al.; Neuroreport 9, 3345 (1998)

4,5-Diaminofluorescein triazole (DAF-2T) can be used as a reference material for DAF-2 (S5439 >).References: (1) M. Feelisch et al;, Free Radical Biol. Med. 38(3), 356 (2005);  (2) T. Nagano et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277(1), 47 (2002); (3) T. Nagano et al.; FEBS Letters 427(2), 263 (1998); (4) H. Kojima et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46(2), 373 (1998)

Description:The uronic acid residues of all known glycosaminoglycuronans react wit 5-aminofluorescein to yield fluorescent derivatives, which show fluorescence characteristics identical to those of 5-acetamidofluorescein. 5-aminofluorescein is also used to prepare FITC Isomer I.

5-CFDA is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. Once inside the cells, 6-CFDA is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein. Reagent for continuously determining the intracellular pH in bacteria by fluorometry. Labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

5-Carboxyfluoresceinsuccinimidylester. Amine-reactive fluorescein dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 495 nm, Em: 519 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser, making it the predominant fluorophore for confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It has a relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility. Importantly, protein-fluorescein conjugates are not inordinately susceptible to precipitation. The coupling reaction is usually carried out at pH 8-9.5.

5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), which was originally used to measure intracellular pH but was soon adapted for use as a cell viability indicator. Upon hydrolysis by intracellular nonspecific esterases, CFDA forms carboxyfluorescein.

The single isomer 6-FAM (6-Carboxyfluorescein) is an amine-reactive derivative of Fluorescein giving stable derivatives upon conjugation with biopolymers. The single amine-reactive fluorescein derivatives 5-FAM > and 6-FAM > and the mixed isomers form 5/6-FAM > are the most common fluorescent derivatizing reagents for the covalently labeling of proteins. Carboxyfluorescein can be retained much better in cells than fluorescein since its pKa is lower than the cytosolic pH of most cells. 5-FAM, 6-FAM and 5/6-FAM contain a carboxylic acid which can react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation. Carboxyfluorescein is commonly used as a polar tracer.Other fluorescent dyes from Genaxxon: TAMRA >, ROX >, DAF-2 >

5-Carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein and other fluoreszence dyes. Genaxxon bioscience offers a broad range of different fluorscence dyes for labelling probes or for other research purposes. This non-activated fluorescein derivative is used as an orange fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

5-maleimido-eosin is a good photosensitizer and can be used to selectively label thiols. It has a quantum yield of 0.57 for singlet oxygen generation, which makes it useful for photoconversion of electron-rich materials such as diaminobenzidine (DAB). 5-maleimido-eosin is also used as triplet probe used for the measurment of rotational diffusion of protein in solution and in membranes, includin myosin and pyruvate dehydrogenase. References:M.J. King et al.: British J. Haematol. 124(1), 106 (2004)E. Majima al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1243(3), 336 (1995)S. Ishiwata et al.: J. biol. Chem.262, 8314 (1987)A.J.W.G. Visser et al.: Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 233 (1981).

5-ROX (5-carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a derivative of the amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Compared to the fluoresceine family of dyes, Rhodamine dyes are more resistant to photo bleaching and stable over a wider pH range. The relatively long wavelength emission maximum for ROX makes it an attractive choice in multiplex detection systems. 5-ROX >, 6-ROX > and their mixture 5/6-ROX > are used in the labeling of biomolecules by EDC-mediated reactions. Derivatives of ROX are used in the labeling of proteins, peptides and other biological ligands. Succinimidyl ester with the derivative 5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (5(6) Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester / 5(6) ROX SE >) are frequently used in the oligonucleotide labeling and for automated applications in DNA sequencing. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

5-TAMRA is the pure 5-isomer of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) free acid. The non-activated single isomer carboxytetramethyl rhodamine derivative is used as a red fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser. Succinimidyl esters of 5-TAMRA >, 6-TAMRA > or of the mixed 5/6 TAMRA isomers > are the labeling reagents of choice for the preparation of fluorescent bioconjugates, including peptide, protein, nucleotide and nucleic acid conjugates, especially for fluorescent antibodies or avidine derivatives used in immunochemistry. These fluorescent dyes are also used as acceptors for FAM > fluorophores in FRET studies. More Fluorescent Dyes from Genaxxon: 5/6-TAMRA >, 5-TAMRA >, FAM >, ROX >, DAF-2 >.

5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine DMTr-CE-phosphoramidite (TAMRA-phosphoramidite) for automated 5'- and 3'-labeling of oligonucleotides (Abs: 549 nm, Em: 572 nm). Single isomer TAMRA phosphoramidite derivatives are used as highly convenient red fluorescent derivatization reagents in automated nucleic acid labeling protocols.The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

Amine-reactive carboxytetramethylrhodamine is one of the most commonly used red fluorescent dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

5'/6'-Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester. Amine-reactive rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 584 nm, Em: 599 nm). The amine-reactive derivative of X-Rhodamine has a long-wave fluorescence emission and is widely used as a fluorescent label for convenient covalent labeling of proteins and alkylaminomodified nucleic acids.

Amine-reactive fluorescein dye marker for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 496 nm, Em: 517 nm). This amine-reactive fluorescein derivatization reagent is widely used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids.Fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488 nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser, making it the predominant fluorophore for confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It has a relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility. Importantly, protein-fluorescein conjugates are not inordinately susceptible to precipitation.

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (DCFDA NHS ester) is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passivley diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

The mixed isomers 5/6-FAM (5/6-Carboxyfluorescein) is an amine-reactive derivative of Fluorescein > giving stable derivatives upon conjµgation with biopolymers. The amine-reactive fluorescein derivatives 5-FAM > and 6-FAM > and the mixed isomers form 5/6-FAM > are the most common fluorescent derivatizing reagents for the covalently labeling of proteins. Carboxyfluorescein can be retained much better in cells than fluorescein since its pKa is lower than the cytosolic pH of most cells. 6-FAM contains a carboxylic acid which can react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation. Carboxyfluorescein is commonly used as a polar tracer.Other fluorescent dyes from Genaxxon: TAMRA >, ROX >, DAF-2 >

Fluorescein 5/6-isothiocyanate mixture of 5 and 6 Fluorescein-isothiocyanate. Reagent for the FITC labeling of proteins, Microsequencing of proteins and peptides (HPLC). Biological applications include use as a fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins, a fluorescent reagent for protein tracing, and a reagent in the fluorescent antibody technique for the rapid identification of pathogens. FITC is yellow-orange in color with an absorption maximum at 495 nm. Upon excitation it emits a yellow-green color with an emission maximum at 525 nm. FITC reacts under mild conditions with primary amines. Used in modification of actin at lys-61, Labelling of FAB and the modification of Thiol groups.

5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate

5/6-Carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein and other fluoreszence dyes. Genaxxon bioscience offers a broad range of different fluorscence dyes for labelling probes or for other research purposes. This non-activated fluorescein derivative is used as an orange fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

5/6-ROX (5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a derivative of the amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Compared to the fluoresceine family of dyes, Rhodamine dyes are more resistant to photo bleaching and stable over a wider pH range. The relatively long wavelength emission maximum for ROX makes it an attractive choice in multiplex detection systems. 5-ROX >, 6-ROX > and their mixture 5/6-ROX > are used in the labeling of biomolecules by EDC-mediated reactions. Derivatives of ROX are used in the labeling of proteins, peptides and other biological ligands. Succinimidyl ester with the derivative 5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (5(6) Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester / 5(6) ROX SE >) are frequently used in the oligonucleotide labeling and for automated applications in DNA sequencing. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

5/6-TAMRA is a mixtures of the 5' and 6' isomers of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) free acid. The non-activated single isomer carboxytetramethyl rhodamine derivative is used as a red fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser. Succinimidyl esters of 5-TAMRA >, 6-TAMRA > or of the mixed 5/6 TAMRA isomers > are the labeling reagents of choice for the preparation of fluorescent bioconjugates, including peptide, protein, nucleotide and nucleic acid conjugates, especially for fluorescent antibodies or avidine derivatives used in immunochemistry. These fluorescent dyes are also used as acceptors for FAM > fluorophores in FRET studies. More Fluorescent Dyes from Genaxxon: 5/6-TAMRA >, 5-TAMRA >, FAM >, ROX >, DAF-2 >.

Fluorescent probe used for investigation of binding sites of fatty acid and sterol carrier proteins, also used for cell membrane staining.

Fluoresceinamine Isomer II. Glycosaminoglycuronans react with 6-aminofluorescein to yield fluorescent derivatives.

6-Aminoquinoline N-succinimidyl ester may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and peptides. Suitable for amino acid or protein sequence analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Applications: 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate is used as a derivatization regent for detecting hydrogen cyanamide in fruit.Reference: Cohen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 211, 279 (1993) >; Oreiro-Garcia, M., et al.: Biomed. Chromatogr., 19, 720 (2005); Pramanik, S., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 82, 644 (2009). Synonyms: AQC, 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate.

Amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 584 nm, Em: 599 nm). The amine-reactive derivative of carboxy-X-rhodamine has a long-wave fluorescence emission and is widely used as a fluorescent label for convenient covalent labeling of proteins and alkylaminomodified nucleic acids.

6-CFDA is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. Once inside the cells, 6-CFDA is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein. Reagent for continuously determining the intracellular pH in bacteria by fluorometry. Labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

Amine-reactive carboxytetramethylrhodamine is one of the most commonly used red fluorescent dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Used to differentiate viable cells from apoptotic cells. Live cells that are not apoptotic accumulate 6-carboxyfluorescein but do not accumulate annexin.

6-FAM is a popular green fluorescent cell-permeable dye. Due to the covalent coupling reaction of 6-FAM-SE, 6-FAM can be retained within cells for extremely long periods and due to this stable linkage, once incorporated within cells the dye is not transferred to adjacent cells. 6-FAM-SE is a amine-reactive fluorescein dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 492 nm, Em: 517 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Fluorescein has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser, making it the predominant fluorophore for confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It has a relatively high absorptivity, excellent fluorescence quantum yield, and good water solubility. Importantly, protein-fluorescein conjugates are not inordinately susceptible to precipitation. The coupling reaction is usually carried out at pH 8-9.5. Synonym:6-Carboxyfluorescein NHS ester, 6-CFSE, 6-FAM-SE

The single isomer 6-FAM (6-Carboxyfluorescein) is an amine-reactive derivative of Fluorescein giving stable derivatives upon conjugation with biopolymers. The single amine-reactive fluorescein derivatives 5-FAM > and 6-FAM > and the mixed isomers form 5/6-FAM > are the most common fluorescent derivatizing reagents for the covalently labeling of proteins. Carboxyfluorescein can be retained much better in cells than fluorescein since its pKa is lower than the cytosolic pH of most cells. 5-FAM, 6-FAM and 5/6-FAM contain a carboxylic acid which can react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation. Carboxyfluorescein is commonly used as a polar tracer.Other fluorescent dyes from Genaxxon: TAMRA >, ROX >, DAF-2 >

6-JOE (6-Carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein) and other fluoreszence dyes. Genaxxon bioscience offers a broad range of different fluorscence dyes for labelling probes or for other research purposes. This non-activated fluorescein derivative is used as an orange fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

6-ROX (6-carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a derivative of the amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Compared to the fluoresceine family of dyes, Rhodamine dyes are more resistant to photo bleaching and stable over a wider pH range. The relatively long wavelength emission maximum for ROX makes it an attractive choice in multiplex detection systems. 5-ROX >, 6-ROX > and their mixture 5/6-ROX > are used in the labeling of biomolecules by EDC-mediated reactions. Derivatives of ROX are used in the labeling of proteins, peptides and other biological ligands. Succinimidyl ester with the derivative 5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (5(6) Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester / 5(6) ROX SE >) are frequently used in the oligonucleotide labeling and for automated applications in DNA sequencing. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

6-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine DMTr-CE-phosphoramidite (TAMRA-phosphoramidite) for automated 5'- and 3'-labeling of oligonucleotides (Abs: 549 nm, Em: 572 nm). Single isomer TAMRA phosphoramidite derivatives are used as highly convenient red fluorescent derivatization reagents in automated nucleic acid labeling protocols.The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

6-TAMRA is the pure 6-isomer of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) free acid. The non-activated single isomer carboxytetramethyl rhodamine derivative is used as a red fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser. Succinimidyl esters of 5-TAMRA >, 6-TAMRA > or of the mixed 5/6 TAMRA isomers > are the labeling reagents of choice for the preparation of fluorescent bioconjugates, including peptide, protein, nucleotide and nucleic acid conjugates, especially for fluorescent antibodies or avidine derivatives used in immunochemistry. These fluorescent dyes are also used as acceptors for FAM > fluorophores in FRET studies. More Fluorescent Dyes from Genaxxon: 5/6-TAMRA >, 5-TAMRA >, FAM >, ROX >, DAF-2 >.

7-Acetoxy-1-methyl-quinolinium iodide

DEAC, acid is a useful blue fluorescent building block for labeling amine-containing biomolecules. 7-(Diethylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid is a reagent for the derivatisation of amines and proteins. It has also been used for labelling synthetic peptides for high-throughput detection.

Fluorescent reagents (probe, stain, label) with reactive functional group for chromatography or spectroscopy. Derivatization agent. Used for membrane research, luminescent detection, molecular biology, protein modifications, protein structural analysis and proteomics. Carbohydrate labels for chromatography.

9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid. Reagent for the assay of O2. This substance shows a better characteristic than 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis-dipropionic acid.

AEBSF is an irreversible inhibitor of Thrombin and other Serin proteases (Chymotrypsin, Kallikrein, Plasmin, Proteinase K, Trypsin) by sulfonylation of a functional group in the active centre of the enzyme. AEBSF is much less toxic compared to PMSF and DFP and therefore recommended to substitute these reagents. AEBSF is highly soluble in water resulting in a solution of pH 6.5. At this pH AEBSF is most stable. We recommend to store stock solutions (20 mM or 100 mM in water or buffer) at -20°C for up to 2 months and prepare fresh working solutions. AEBSF is used at a working concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mM. Walsmann, P. et al. (1972) Acta biol. med. germ. 28, 577-585, Nathan, D.F. & Linquist, S. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 3917-3925. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

AMCA is one of the brightest amine-reactive blue fluorescent dyes useful for immunofluorescence and fluorescent labeling (Ex/Em: 353/455nm). It is quite photostable, and its fluorescence is pH-independent from pH 4 to 10. The properties include a relatively large Stoke's shift and resistance to photobleaching. Reactive AMCA derivatives are used as contrasting probes for double and triple labeling in immunofluorescence microscopy, arrays and in situ hybridization. NHS-AMCA and Sulfo-NHS-AMCA are reactive towards primary amine groups on antibodies, proteins, peptides and other biomolecules. AMCA-Hydrazide is used to label glycosylation sites or for conjugation to carboxyl groups using the crosslinker EDC.

Description:Aprotinin is mainly obtained from bovine lung. Aprotinin consists of 58 amino acids of 6511 Da and is very basic, whereby amino acids 13-18 of Aprotinin are of particular importance for binding to serine proteases. As Aprotinin has been described by various research groups, two names have become established: 1. bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and 2. trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor (TKI). Aprotinin is often used as a non-specific serine protease inhibitor, especially for inhibition of Trypsin. Effect:Aprotinin inhibits proteases such as Trypsin, Plasmin, Chymotrypsin and Thrombin. Aprotinin is a competitive inhibitor of serine proteases that forms stable complexes with the enzyme and blocks active enzyme sites. These bindings are reversible and most aprotinin-protease complexes dissolve at very low or high pH values (<3 and >10).Application:Aprotinin is mainly used as a trypsin inhibitor. Stability: Aprotinin can be stored in lyophylised form at +2°C to +8°C for an unlimited period of time. In salt or buffer solutions (pH 5 - 8), Aprotinin is stable for at least one month at +2°C to +8°C or for several years at -20°C. Stock solutions (e.g. 10mg/mL) should be frozen in small aliquots and used only once to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Unit definition:One trypsin inhibitory unit (TIU) inhibits the activity of 2 trypsin units by 50%, whereby one trypsin unit hydrolyses 1 μmol Nα-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) per minute at pH 7.8 and 25°C. 1 TIU (trypsin inhibitory unit) corresponds to approx. 1300 KIU (kallikrein inhibitory units) and 1 TIU corresponds to one Ph. Eur. unit.

(S)-trans-2-Amino-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-butenoic acid hydrochloride. AVG (Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of ethylene synthesis in plants acting at the level of 1­aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid synthase. This product offered by Genaxxon is for research use only. It is intented to be used as a standard for analysis.

Bestatin is a potent aminopeptidase inhibitor. The compound has multiple physiological functions including the ability to act as an immunomodifier and enhance the proliferation of human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells to form CFU-GM colonies. Research indicates that bestatin can indirectly act on monocytes by inhibiting Aminopeptidase B, which in turn inhibits the catabolism of tuftsin. Bestatin has also been shown to inhibit Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). This compound has been demonstrated to bind to cell surfaces and research indicates that it can directly stimulate lymphocytes through its fixation on the cell surface. The agent has been used in multiple leukemia studies. Synonym: N-[(2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butyryl]-L-Leucine hydrochloride. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

Caesium chloride for density centrifugation. Ideal for the isolation of highly pure RNA without contamination with RNase, or other proteins and DNA. Ref.: Miller H. (1987) Methods Enzymol., 152, 145, Dorin M. and Bornecque C.A. (1995) BioTechniques, 18,90.

250mL of demineralised water (cleaning solution, min. 99% pure) in a wash bottle with separate stem.

Colcemid inhibits the formation of mitotic spindles. It is used to increase the percentage of metaphase cells for chromosome analysis. Colcemid depolymerizes microtubules; blocks mitosis at metaphase. Often in karyotyping and cell cycle research it is desirable to increase the yield of mitotic cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle. This can be achieved in a variety of ways with the most popular being the use of a cell cycle synchronizing agent such as demecolcine. Demecolcine will arrest cells in metaphase with no remarkable effect on the biochemical events in mitotic cells or in synchronized G1 and S phase cells. White blood cells are often treated with demecolcine to arrest cells in metaphase. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin. Fluorophore for preparing fluorogenic substrates for cystine aminopeptidase (and other hydrolases). Used as reference compound in the enzyme assay.

3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin

4-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-phenyl] azo]-benzoic acid

DAF-4 is a indicator for nitric oxide. As with other fluorescein diacetates (DAFs), the non-fluorescent DAF-4 diacetate (DAF-4 DA) is membrane permeable and is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to form DAF-4, which than can react with NO to form the fluorescent DAF-4T.DAF-4 DA can be used for the fluorimetric detection of nitric oxide and in fluorescence microscopy to measure real-time changes in nitric oxide levels in vivo.Spectral Data:λex 505nm, λem 530nm. Synonyms: DAF-4 diacetate, 3,4-Diamino-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate

DAF-4T can be used as reference material for DAF-4 DA (S5462 >).References:(1) H. Kojima, et al., Anal. Chem. 70, 2446 (1998) , (2) N. Nakatsubo, et al., FEBS Lett. 427, 263 (1998) , (3) T. Nagano, Luminescence 14, 283 (1999) (Review) , (4) T. Nagano, Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B 86, 837 (2010) (Review)

3-Amino-4-(N-methylamino)-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. DAF-FM DA is an important reagent for quantification of low concentrations of nitric oxide in solution. This compound is essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with NO to form a fluorescent benzotriazole. DAF-FM DA has an excitation/emission maxima of 495nm. DAF-FM Specifications:• Ex/Em of DAF-FM: ~495/515 nm• Lyophilized product should be dissolved using DMSO and then added to an aqueous buffer to create a working solution. • DAF-FM diacetate is cell permeant and passively diffuses across cellular membranes; once inside the cell, it is converted to a cell-impermeant form! • Buffers containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and phenol red may affect the fluorescence and should be used with caution.• The fluorescence quantum yield of DAF-FM is ~0.005, but increases about 160-fold, to ~0.81, after reacting with NO. Important Advantages of DAF-FM over DAF-2The spectra of the NO adduct of DAF-FM are independent of pH above pH 5.5. Also, the NO adduct of DAF-FM is significantly more photostable than that of DAF-2 >, which means additional time for image capture. Finally, DAF-FM is a more sensitive reagent for NO than is DAF-2 (NO detection limit for DAF-FM ~3nM versus ~5nM for DAF-2).

3-Amino-4-(N-methylamino)-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. DAF-FM DA is an important reagent for quantification of low concentrations of nitric oxide in solution. This compound is essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with NO to form a fluorescent benzotriazole. DAF-FM DA has an excitation/emission maxima of 495nm. DAF-FM Specifications:• Ex/Em of DAF-FM: ~495/515 nm• Lyophilized product should be dissolved using DMSO and then added to an aqueous buffer to create a working solution. • DAF-FM diacetate is cell permeant and passively diffuses across cellular membranes; once inside the cell, it is converted to a cell-impermeant form! • Buffers containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and phenol red may affect the fluorescence and should be used with caution.• The fluorescence quantum yield of DAF-FM is ~0.005, but increases about 160-fold, to ~0.81, after reacting with NO. Important Advantages of DAF-FM over DAF-2The spectra of the NO adduct of DAF-FM are independent of pH above pH 5.5. Also, the NO adduct of DAF-FM is significantly more photostable than that of DAF-2 >, which means additional time for image capture. Finally, DAF-FM is a more sensitive reagent for NO than is DAF-2 (NO detection limit for DAF-FM ~3nM versus ~5nM for DAF-2).

4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride is a fluorescent dye binding selectively to the minor groove of double strand DNA (preferentially to AT rich DNA). Forms a stable complex which fluoresces approximately 20 times more than DAPI alone. DAPI, once added to tissue culture cells, is rapidly taken up into cellular DNA, yielding highly fluorescent nuclei and no detectable cytoplasmic fluorescence. When the cells are contaminated with Mycoplasmas, characteristic discrete fluorescent foci are readily detected over the cytoplasm and sometimes in intercellular spaces. Also used for flourescent chromosome staining or to stain brain stem cells. Preparation of solutions:Stock solution: Dissolve in distilled water to a final concentration of 1 to 5mg/mL. NOTE: Do not use any buffers. The stock solution is stable at -15°C to -25°C for about 12 months.Working solution: Dilute the stock solution with methanol to a final concentration of 1μg/mL. The working solution is stable at +2 to +8°C for about 6 months.

4,5-Diamino-N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-rhodamine. Sensitive NO probe, LOD of 10 nM, shows higher photostability than the classical fluorescein derivative DAF.

DAR-1T is for fluorescent detection. It is used as a reference compound for the flourescent (nitric oxide) NO probe DAR-1.Synonyms: Diaminorhodamine-1T

DAR-2 (5,6-Diamino-N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-rhodamine) is a sensitive NO probe, LOD of 10nM, shows higher photostability than the classical fluorescein derivative DAF.

DAF-2T wird als Referenzmaterial für DAF-2 genommen. DAF-2T entsteht aus DAF-2 und NO. CAS Nummer: 208850-35-5. Molekulargewicht: 373.32. Summenformel: C20H11N3O5.

DAR-4MT is a reference compound for the fluorescent (nitric oxide) NO probe DAR-4M.Synonyms: Diaminorhodamine-4M triazole , 3,6-Bis-(dimethylamino)-9-(4-carboxy-1-methylbenzotriazol-5-yl)xanthylium.References:(1) H. Kojima, et al.: Anal. Chem.73, 1967 (2001), (2) H. Kojima & N. Nagano : Advanced Materials 12, 763 (2000), (3) H. Kojima, et al.: Tetrahedr. Lett. 41, 69 (2000).

Colcemide (trademark of Ciba-Geigy Corporation). Demecolcine, N-Deacetyl-N-methylcolchicine. Used for cell synchronization by arresting them at metaphase. Qualified for use in animal component free applications.

Diethylpyrocarbonate modifies histidyl residues in proteins and leads to their inactivation. In molecular biology it is mainly used as a strong inhibitor of RNase activity. In addition, DEPC reacts with adenosine of single stranded nucleic acids. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.Synonmys: DEP, DEPC, Diethyl dicarbonate, Diethyl oxydiformate, Ethoxyformic acid anhydride

4-(4,5diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) as reagent for amines was used successfully to derivatize and fluorescence detection enantiomers of methamphetamin and phydroxymethamphetamin, in urine samples. DIBCl showed superior fluorescence intensity (FI) to other commercially available reagents, excellent stability in solution and high reactivity with primary and secondary amines under mild conditions. DIB-Cl as a label was used on fluorescent derivatization some hydroxyl group containing endocrine disruptors, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and 4-nonylphenol (4NP).

Diethylene glycol is a colourless liquid which is mostly used in manufacturing other chemicals. It is denser than water. It can be formed as a side reaction during ester interchange of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol, it can also be formed when terephthalic acid undergoes direct esterification with ethylene glycol. Synonym(s): 2,2′-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether, Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether, Diglycol.

Synonym: 2,7-Diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthridine; 3,8-Diamino-5,6-dihydro-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridine; Hydroethidine

Dihydrorhodamine 123 is a cell-permeable non-fluorescent substance used as an indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) substances. Dihydrorhodamine 123 will diffuse across membranes where it is oxidized by peroxynitrite to rhodamine 123 which localizes in the mitochondria and exhibits green fluorescence (Ex/Em wavelengths of 500 and 536 nm). Dihydrorhodamine 123 is used for investigation on reactive oxygen intermediates produced by human and murine phagocytes, activated rat mast cells and cultured endothelial cells. In addition, it has been used together with Fura Red calcium indicator to simultaneously measure oxidative bursts and Ca2+ fluxes in monocytes and granulocytes. Dihydrorhodamine 123 has been shown to be a more sensitive probe than H2DCFDA for detecting granulocyte respiratory bursts.

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is an isomer (epimer) of dithioerythritol (DTE). In principle, DTT can be exchanged for DTE or DTE for DTT, of which both are excellent reducing substances. Dithiothreitol (DTT), like ß-mercaptoethanol, is used as a reducing agent to increase the stability of proteins as protection against the undesired oxidation of cysteine residues. Proteins can oxidize during gel electrophoresis. This results in broader bands (reduced resolution) and non-reproducible mobility (incorrect assessment of the molecular weight). DTT can be used in practically all experiments in a three to four times lower molar concentration than ß-mercaptoethanol. It is less toxic, less odor intensive and does not form mixed disulfides like ß-mercaptoethanol. DTT is water-soluble and is usually prepared as a 1M stock solution. This solution should be stored in aliquots at -20°C and protected from heat while working. A sufficient amount should be added to the solutions in the experiment, since it oxidizes relatively quickly in air. The working concentration is between 0.1 and 1mM, but must be increased to up to 5mM, for example in the production of plant extracts, or up to 10mM in the 'large scale in situ isolation' of proteins during fermentation. While DTT has a pK value of 8.3 and 9.5, the pK is 9.0 and 9.9 for DTE. Since both compounds show their reducing properties only in the ionized state, their reducing effect is greatest in the pH range 7.0 - 9.5. In the lower pH range, DTT is more active than DTE. The reducing effect can be stopped by acidification (e.g. acetic acid to pH3).

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is an isomer (epimer) of dithioerythritol (DTE). In principle, DTT can be exchanged for DTE or DTE for DTT, of which both are excellent reducing substances. Dithiothreitol (DTT), like ß-mercaptoethanol, is used as a reducing agent to increase the stability of proteins as protection against the undesired oxidation of cysteine residues. Proteins can oxidize during gel electrophoresis. This results in broader bands (reduced resolution) and non-reproducible mobility (incorrect assessment of the molecular weight). DTT can be used in practically all experiments in a three to four times lower molar concentration than ß-mercaptoethanol. It is less toxic, less odor intensive and does not form mixed disulfides like ß-mercaptoethanol. DTT is water-soluble and is usually prepared as a 1M stock solution. This solution should be stored in aliquots at -20°C and protected from heat while working. A sufficient amount should be added to the solutions in the experiment, since it oxidizes relatively quickly in air. The working concentration is between 0.1 and 1mM, but must be increased to up to 5mM, for example in the production of plant extracts, or up to 10mM in the 'large scale in situ isolation' of proteins during fermentation. While DTT has a pK value of 8.3 and 9.5, the pK is 9.0 and 9.9 for DTE. Since both compounds show their reducing properties only in the ionized state, their reducing effect is greatest in the pH range 7.0 - 9.5. In the lower pH range, DTT is more active than DTE. The reducing effect can be stopped by acidification (e.g. acetic acid to pH3).

DMSO is an aprotic polar solvent used in chemical reactions, in PCR and as a cryoprotectant agent for the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. DMSO is used in cell freezing media to protect cells from ice crystal induced mechanical injury. It can be used for the deep-freeze storage of primary, subcultivated and recombinant heteroploid and hybridoma cell lines as well as embryonic or hematopoietic stem cells. DMSO is frequently used in the combinations with BSA or fetal bovine serum (FBS). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used for the production of fresh, competent bacterial cells and for the long-term storage of bacteriophage l (final concentration 7%). Since the oxidation products of DMSO inhibit the transformation, fresh DMSO should be aliquoted and stored frozen at -20°C.

DMSO is an aprotic polar solvent that is used in chemical reactions as well as in PCR or as anti-freeze protection in the deep-freeze storage of cells, tissues and organs (sterile DMSO only). By adding DMSO for annealing before the sequencing reaction and adding 10% DMSO (final concentration) for the labeling reaction and for termination, the quality of the sequencing of Miniprep DNA can be increased. The amplification of RNA by RT-PCR is also improved by adding DMSO. DMSO is used during reverse transcription (RT) and PCR. The DMSO concentration depends on the RNA species.

Dimethyl sulfoxide. Highly active solvent and pharmaceutical vehicle, for freezing cells. For gradient centrifugation. Determination of cysteine and cystine in proteins.

Dithioerythritol (DTE) ist ein Isomer des Dithiothreitol (DTT). Prinzipiell ist DTE gegen DTT austauschbar bzw. DTT gegen DTE. DTE hat pK-Werte von 9,0 und 9,9 und DTT von 8,3 und 9,5. Da beide Verbindungen nur im ionisierten Zustand funktionieren, ist ihre reduzierende Wirkung im pH-Bereich 7,0 - 9,5 am höchsten. Im niedrigeren pH-Bereich ist DTT aktiver als DTE. Die reduzierende Wirkung kann durch Ansäuern (z. B. Essigsäure auf pH 3) gestoppt werden. Proteine können während der Gelelektrophorese oxidieren. Dies resultiert in breiteren Banden (verminderte Auflösung) und nicht reproduzierbarer Mobilität (Fehleinschätzung des Molekulargewichtes). Reduktion der Proteine mit DTE (0,25 M Stammlösung in Wasser, 5 mM Endkonzentration) und Alkylierung mit Iodacetamid (0,25 M Stammlösung, 1 : 20 verdünnt in der Endkonzentration) verschafft Abhilfe.

E-64 is an irreversible inhibitor of different cysteine proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin, cathepsin B, H and L, tumor-cathepsin, calpain, V-CATH from Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedro virus (AcMNPV) and Streptococcus-protease). All enzymes are completely inhibited by a concentration of 10 - 30 μM within 30 minutes. E-64 and other protease inhibitors (e. g. diisopropylfluorophosphate and PMSF) are able to inhibit the programmed cell death, that is induced by activation of the T cell receptor in different cell lines of the immune system, not by blocking the signal transduction. The effect of dexamethason, which induces apoptosis as an antagonist of the T cell receptor, is enhanced. If proteins are expressed in the baculo virus system with a functional v-cath gene, very often a proteolytic activity can be observed. This reduces the quality of the expressed protein significantly. The addition of E-64 to all reaction steps avoids the degradation almost completely. Stability: E-64 is stable against reducing agents. Stock solutions have concentrations between 1mM and 10mM in DMSO or 50% ethanol and are stable for several days, if stored at +4°C. Aliquots may be stored at -20°C for approx. one month. Synonyme: trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butan; L-trans-3-Carboxyoxiran-2-carbonyl-L-leucylagmatin; N-(trans-Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucin-4-guanidinobutylamid You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

Ethidium Homodimer. Staining dye for ssDNA, dsDNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, and triplex DNA. It does not cross intact cell membranes and can be used to test cell viability. Reagent for the fluorimetric detection of nucleic acids.

Synonyms: 1,2-Ethandiol, Gycol, 1,2-Ethanediol; Ethane-1,2-diol; MEG; Mono Ethylene Glycol

Etoposide phosphate (Eposin®, Etopophos®, Vepesid®, VP-16®) is an inhibitor of the enzyme topoisomerase II. For medical purposes it is used as a form of chemotherapy for malignancies such as lung cancer, testicular cancer, lymphoma, non-lymphocytic leukemia, and glioblastoma multiforme. It is often given in combination with other drugs. Chemically it derives from podophyllotoxin, a toxin found in the American Mayapple. Genaxxon offers this product only for in-vitro (laboratory) usage! You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

Fast Blue B is used for the determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Acetylcholinesterase converts 1-naphthyl acetate to 1-naphthol, which reacts with fast blue B to form a purple-coloured diazonium dye. Similarly, Fast Blue B is also used for α- and β-glucosidase activity.Fast Blue B has been used in the acid phosphatase test in Clostridium perfringens. It has been used as a spraying agent in thin layer chromatography for the identification of separated components or for the determination of lipase activity. Synonyme: o-Dianisidine bis(diazotized) zinc double salt; Azoic Diazo No. 48; DBB; Diazo Blue B; Naphthanil Diazo Blue B.

Fluorescein-diacetate-5/6-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Fluorescein-diacetate-5-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Fluorescein-diacetate-6-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Labeling of cell-surface functional groups (glycophorins). Detection of protein carbonyls in aging tissues.

GelRed(TM) is an ultra sensitive, extremely stable fluorescent dye designed to replace the toxic and possibly mutagenic ethidium bromide (EtBr) for staining dsDNA, ssDNA or RNA in agarose gels or polyacrylamide gels. GelRed(TM) is far more sensitive than EtBr without requiring a destaining step. GelRed(TM) is far less toxic and mutagenic compared to EtBr while both show virtually the same UV-spectra, so you can directly replace EtBr with GelRed(TM) without changing your existing imaging system. GelRed(TM) can be used to stain dsDNA, ssDNA or RNA in agarose gel via either precast or post gel staining. GelRed(TM) can also be used to stain dsDNA, ssDNA or RNA in polyacrylamide gel via post gel staining. GelRed(TM) is also compatible with downstream DNA manipulations such as digestion with a restriction enzyme, Southern blotting techniques and clonings. A series of safety tests has confirmed that GelRed(TM) is noncytotoxic, nonmutagenic and nonhazardous at concentrations well above the working concentrations used in gel staining. As a result, GelRed(TM) can be safely disposed in regular trash, providing convenience and reducing cost in waste disposal. This fluorescent dye is supplied as a 10,000X solution in water. For customers who look for large pack size, we offer a cost-saving bulk pack size of 2mL, 5mL or 10mL (M3199.1010). For high-class agarose gels we offer the Genaxxon standard agarose LE > or our speciality agaroses for high resolution Tiny (M3046) > and Tiny HT (M3047) >.

Green DNA Dye is a sensitive fluorescent dye for detection of dsDNA in qPCR (real-time PCR) and other applications. Because Green DNA Dye has greater sensitivity for dsDNA, it is especially useful for assays where the presence of contaminating RNA or ssDNA might obscure results. With exceptionally low background fluorescence Green DNA Dye is ideal for use with laser scanners. In the detection of double-stranded DNA in native polyacrylamide gels it is also much more sensitive than silver staining. When Green DNA Dye is free in solution, it emits a very low fluorescent signal. As soon as the dye binds to the double-stranded DNA, the signal increases significantly (thousand fold), which makes the fluorescent signal of the dye directly proportional to the amount of amplified dsDNA. Green DNA Dye is delivered as 100-time solution in DMSO. The concentration of Green DNA Dye is traditionally given as a dilution factor where the 1X dilution is used for staining of DNA gels. For PCR, a 0.2X dilution is the starting dilution for optimization.  Our customers rely on Genaxxon's Green DNA Dye and use the dye for research into the regulation of tumor suppressor genes or vaccinations/disease patterns triggered by infections with enteroviruses, among other things. Preparation of a working solution for realtime PCR reactions:Green DNA Dye is suitable for real-time PCR with a suggested concentration for short targets of 0.2X (short targets: 50 – 400bp). Dilute delivered 100-time stock solution with nuclease-free PCR grade water by 1:10 (pre-dilution) and add 0.4µL of this solution to a 20µL final volume (PCR reaction). The 10-time working solution has to be kept at -20°C and has to be renewed every 2-3 weeks latest. Green DNA dye is a low toxic fluorescent nucleic acid dye as an alternative to ethidium bromide. Are you looking for more non-toxic dyes for your gel electrophoresis? Then try SafeGel red stain or SafeGel green stain - the cost-effective alternatives to EtBr. For qPCR we offer various qPCR Master Mixes > for your needs, with or without ROX, e.g., Green Master Mix High ROX >, Green Master Mix No ROX > or Probe Master Mix No ROX for qPCR >. Online form for your qPCR master mix test sample >

HighPure Propidium iodide (3,8-Diamino-5-[3-(diethylmethylammonio)propyl]-6-phenylphenanthridinium diiodide) for selective labeling of DNA in dead cells as cell membrane integrity excludes propidium iodide from staining viable and apoptotic cells. Propidium iodide may be used in tumor diagnosis flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability when used with other dyes that stain viable cells or cells that are in early apoptosis process. Can also be used for the study of micronuclear morphology of protozoa. Propidium iodide can be excited by light with wavelenghts in the visible range and bleaches slowly, having clear advantages over DAPI. CAUTION: Potent carcerogenic agent. Valet G. et al. (1987) Blut 49, 37-43. Fluorescent stain for nucleic acids. At a concentration of 1 µg/mL, probably all DNA binding sites are saturated.