Chemicals for Research

6-Aminoquinoline N-succinimidyl ester may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and peptides. Suitable for amino acid or protein sequence analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Applications: 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate is used as a derivatization regent for detecting hydrogen cyanamide in fruit.Reference: Cohen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 211, 279 (1993) >; Oreiro-Garcia, M., et al.: Biomed. Chromatogr., 19, 720 (2005); Pramanik, S., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 82, 644 (2009). Synonyms: AQC, 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate.

Caesium chloride for density centrifugation. Ideal for the isolation of highly pure RNA without contamination with RNase, or other proteins and DNA. Ref.: Miller H. (1987) Methods Enzymol., 152, 145, Dorin M. and Bornecque C.A. (1995) BioTechniques, 18,90.

DAF-2T wird als Referenzmaterial für DAF-2 genommen. DAF-2T entsteht aus DAF-2 und NO. CAS Nummer: 208850-35-5. Molekulargewicht: 373.32. Summenformel: C20H11N3O5.

7-Acetoxy-1-methyl-quinolinium iodide

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin. Fluorophore for preparing fluorogenic substrates for cystine aminopeptidase (and other hydrolases). Used as reference compound in the enzyme assay.

Colcemide (trademark of Ciba-Geigy Corporation). Demecolcine, N-Deacetyl-N-methylcolchicine. Used for cell synchronization by arresting them at metaphase. Qualified for use in animal component free applications.

Ethidium Homodimer. Staining dye for ssDNA, dsDNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, and triplex DNA. It does not cross intact cell membranes and can be used to test cell viability. Reagent for the fluorimetric detection of nucleic acids.

TLCK is an irreversible, specific inhibotor of the Serin-protease Trypsin and inhibits the Thrombin-like protease Cerastocytin. Together with the competitive inhibitors benzamidin hydrochlorid or 8M urea Trypsin does not show inhibitiory effects. Chymotrypsin is not inhibited by TLCK. The pH optimum for inhibition through Histidin modification is pH 7.5. Chymotrypsinogen is not inhibited by TLCK. A concentration of 50 µg/mL of TLCK inhibits 100% of the Trypsin like proteinase activity of wheat seat extracts. Besides proteases also protein kinases are inhibited by TLCK. Obviously by the modification of the enzymatic activity centre of the protein kinases. TLCK solutions are most stable at pH 6.0 at +4°C. TLCK is not stable at pH above 7.0. Therefore stock solutions of 1 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL are prepared with buffer solutions of pH below 6.0. Always pipete shortly before the inhibition experiment. Working solutionsa are: 50 µg/mL to 100 µg/mL. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (5(6) TAMRA-SE) is an amine-reactive rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent is widely used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine DMTr-CE-phosphoramidite (TAMRA-phosphoramidite) for automated 5'- and 3'-labeling of oligonucleotides (Abs: 549 nm, Em: 572 nm). Single isomer TAMRA phosphoramidite derivatives are used as highly convenient red fluorescent derivatization reagents in automated nucleic acid labeling protocols.The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

6-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine DMTr-CE-phosphoramidite (TAMRA-phosphoramidite) for automated 5'- and 3'-labeling of oligonucleotides (Abs: 549 nm, Em: 572 nm). Single isomer TAMRA phosphoramidite derivatives are used as highly convenient red fluorescent derivatization reagents in automated nucleic acid labeling protocols.The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

5-maleimido-eosin is a good photosensitizer and can be used to selectively label thiols. It has a quantum yield of 0.57 for singlet oxygen generation, which makes it useful for photoconversion of electron-rich materials such as diaminobenzidine (DAB). 5-maleimido-eosin is also used as triplet probe used for the measurment of rotational diffusion of protein in solution and in membranes, includin myosin and pyruvate dehydrogenase. References:M.J. King et al.: British J. Haematol. 124(1), 106 (2004)E. Majima al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1243(3), 336 (1995)S. Ishiwata et al.: J. biol. Chem.262, 8314 (1987)A.J.W.G. Visser et al.: Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 233 (1981).

3-Amino-4-(N-methylamino)-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. DAF-FM DA is an important reagent for quantification of low concentrations of nitric oxide in solution. This compound is essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with NO to form a fluorescent benzotriazole. DAF-FM DA has an excitation/emission maxima of 495nm. DAF-FM Specifications:• Ex/Em of DAF-FM: ~495/515 nm• Lyophilized product should be dissolved using DMSO and then added to an aqueous buffer to create a working solution. • DAF-FM diacetate is cell permeant and passively diffuses across cellular membranes; once inside the cell, it is converted to a cell-impermeant form! • Buffers containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and phenol red may affect the fluorescence and should be used with caution.• The fluorescence quantum yield of DAF-FM is ~0.005, but increases about 160-fold, to ~0.81, after reacting with NO. Important Advantages of DAF-FM over DAF-2The spectra of the NO adduct of DAF-FM are independent of pH above pH 5.5. Also, the NO adduct of DAF-FM is significantly more photostable than that of DAF-2 >, which means additional time for image capture. Finally, DAF-FM is a more sensitive reagent for NO than is DAF-2 (NO detection limit for DAF-FM ~3nM versus ~5nM for DAF-2).

3-Amino-4-(N-methylamino)-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. DAF-FM DA is an important reagent for quantification of low concentrations of nitric oxide in solution. This compound is essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with NO to form a fluorescent benzotriazole. DAF-FM DA has an excitation/emission maxima of 495nm. DAF-FM Specifications:• Ex/Em of DAF-FM: ~495/515 nm• Lyophilized product should be dissolved using DMSO and then added to an aqueous buffer to create a working solution. • DAF-FM diacetate is cell permeant and passively diffuses across cellular membranes; once inside the cell, it is converted to a cell-impermeant form! • Buffers containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and phenol red may affect the fluorescence and should be used with caution.• The fluorescence quantum yield of DAF-FM is ~0.005, but increases about 160-fold, to ~0.81, after reacting with NO. Important Advantages of DAF-FM over DAF-2The spectra of the NO adduct of DAF-FM are independent of pH above pH 5.5. Also, the NO adduct of DAF-FM is significantly more photostable than that of DAF-2 >, which means additional time for image capture. Finally, DAF-FM is a more sensitive reagent for NO than is DAF-2 (NO detection limit for DAF-FM ~3nM versus ~5nM for DAF-2).

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (DCFDA NHS ester) is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

Fluoresceinamine Isomer II. Glycosaminoglycuronans react with 6-aminofluorescein to yield fluorescent derivatives.

Aphidicolin inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells. Aphidicolin is a tool in cell proliferation and differentiation research. Aphidicolin may possibly be used for controlling excessive cell proliferation in cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells. Synonyms:(3-a,4-a,5-,17-a)-3,17-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-9,15-cyclo-C,18-dinor14,15-secoandrostane-4,17-dimethanole. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

(S)-trans-2-Amino-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-butenoic acid hydrochloride. AVG (Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of ethylene synthesis in plants acting at the level of 1­aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid synthase. This product offered by Genaxxon is for research use only. It is intented to be used as a standard for analysis.

Amine-reactive carboxytetramethylrhodamine is one of the most commonly used red fluorescent dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

Etoposide phosphate (Eposin®, Etopophos®, Vepesid®, VP-16®) is an inhibitor of the enzyme topoisomerase II. For medical purposes it is used as a form of chemotherapy for malignancies such as lung cancer, testicular cancer, lymphoma, non-lymphocytic leukemia, and glioblastoma multiforme. It is often given in combination with other drugs. Chemically it derives from podophyllotoxin, a toxin found in the American Mayapple. Genaxxon offers this product only for in-vitro (laboratory) usage! You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

Amine-reactive methylene blue redox marker for electro-active labeling, designed especially for labeling of biomolecules. The amine-reactive methylene blue derivative is used as an electroactive labeling reagent for covalent attachment to proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Monocarboxymethylene blue contains a single activated carboxylic acid functional group. In addition to its relatively high absorption, MCMB, has excellent and validated redox properties and is a good generator for singlet oxygen, making it to a particularly suitable label for electrochemical and photosensitzer applications. Formal Electrode Potential vs. Ag/AgCl (1M KCl): Ef = -0.198 V.

6-CFDA is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. Once inside the cells, 6-CFDA is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein. Reagent for continuously determining the intracellular pH in bacteria by fluorometry. Labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

5-CFDA is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. Once inside the cells, 6-CFDA is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 6-carboxyfluorescein. Reagent for continuously determining the intracellular pH in bacteria by fluorometry. Labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

Synonym: 2,7-Diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthridine; 3,8-Diamino-5,6-dihydro-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridine; Hydroethidine

L-Methionine sulfoximine is a potent inhibitor of glutamine sythetase activity, that is widely used as a selection agent for plasmid integration in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and other mammalian cell lines. The growing demand for high yield cell banks for production of recombinant proteins for therapeutics has resulted in two major systems for selection of stable and active clones, Methotrexate selection of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) overexpressing cells and MSX selection of glutamine synthetase overexpressing cells. Cells are grown in the absence of glutamine in the media and inhibition of the endogenous activity of glutamine synthease results in cell death for cells lacking overexpression. The MSX-glutamine synthase selection mechanism provides benefits over that of the Methotrexate-DHFR system in that it typically requires a single amplification step and results in significant reduction of time to produce high stability, highly amplified clones. Methionine sulfoximine (MSX) increases ornithine decarboxylase activity, decreases the survival rate in a model of transient cerebral ischemia, and inhibits glutamine synthetase activity. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

6-TAMRA is the pure 6-isomer of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) free acid. The non-activated single isomer carboxytetramethyl rhodamine derivative is used as a red fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser. Succinimidyl esters of 5-TAMRA >, 6-TAMRA > or of the mixed 5/6 TAMRA isomers > are the labeling reagents of choice for the preparation of fluorescent bioconjugates, including peptide, protein, nucleotide and nucleic acid conjugates, especially for fluorescent antibodies or avidine derivatives used in immunochemistry. These fluorescent dyes are also used as acceptors for FAM > fluorophores in FRET studies. More Fluorescent Dyes from Genaxxon: 5/6-TAMRA >, 5-TAMRA >, FAM >, ROX >, DAF-2 >.

4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA) is a highly sensitive probe for the real time detection of NO in vivo. Cell permeable. Application: DAF-2 DA is probably the most successful indicator for nitric oxide. As with other fluorescein diacetates, DAF-2 diacetate is membrane permeant and is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2). Can be used for the fluorimetric detection of nitric oxide and in fluorescence microscopy to measure realtime changes in nitric oxide levels in vivo. References: V.M. Dirsch et al.; Biol. Proc. Online 5, 136 (2003)N. Nagata et al.; J. Biochem. 125(4), 658 (1999)H. Kojima et al.; Anal. Chem. 70(13), 2446 (1998) H. Kojima et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46, 373 (1998) H. Kojima et al.; Neuroreport 9, 3345 (1998)

6-ROX (6-carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a derivative of the amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Compared to the fluoresceine family of dyes, Rhodamine dyes are more resistant to photo bleaching and stable over a wider pH range. The relatively long wavelength emission maximum for ROX makes it an attractive choice in multiplex detection systems. 5-ROX >, 6-ROX > and their mixture 5/6-ROX > are used in the labeling of biomolecules by EDC-mediated reactions. Derivatives of ROX are used in the labeling of proteins, peptides and other biological ligands. Succinimidyl ester with the derivative 5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (5(6) Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester / 5(6) ROX SE >) are frequently used in the oligonucleotide labeling and for automated applications in DNA sequencing. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

Non-activated methylene blue redox marker for electro-active labeling, designed especially for labeling of biomolecules. This non-activated methylene blue derivative is used as an electroactive labeling reagent for covalent attachment to proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Monocarboxymethylene blue contains a single carboxylic acid functional group. In addition to its relatively high absorption, MCMB has excellent and validated redox properties and is a good generator for singlet oxygen, making it to a particularly suitable label for electrochemical and photosensitzer applications. Formal Electrode Potential vs. Ag/AgCl (1M KCl): Ef = -0.198 V.

TPCK is an irreversible, specific inhibotor for chymotrypsin and inhibits the thrombin-like protease Cerastocytin. Trypsin is not inhibited by TPCK. The pH optimum for inhibition throµgh alkylation by TPCK of Chymotrypsin is pH7.2. Chymotrypsinogen is not inhibited by TPCK. The bacterial Serin-proteases Re, Fa and So from E.coli are completely inhibited by 0.5 to 1 mM TPCK. TPCK is used for the production of Chymotrypsin free Trypsin. TPCK solutions are stable at pH below 7.0 at RT, nevertheless it is recommended to store solutions at +2°C to +8°C. TPCK is not stable at pH above 7.0. Stock solutions of 3mg/mL to 20mg/mL are prepared in MeOH or EtOH. Working concentrations: 10µg/mL to 100µg/mL. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Used to differentiate viable cells from apoptotic cells. Live cells that are not apoptotic accumulate 6-carboxyfluorescein but do not accumulate annexin.

DAF-2 (4,5-Diaminofluorescein) shows higher photostability than the classical fluorescein derivative DAF. Applications: DAF-2 is highly sensitive reagent for NO detection and determination of nitric oxide synthase activity. DAF-2, however, remains essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with the nitrosonium cation (produced by spontaneous oxidation of nitric oxide) to form a fluorescent heterocycle, which becomes trapped in the cell's cytoplasm. This sensitive fluorescent probe has been used to identify individual nitric oxideproducing neurons in brain slices, in mitochondria and in living plant cells. In the cell, the product reacts rapidly with NO in the presence of O2 to form the highly fluorescent compound triazolofluorescein (DAF-2T (Cat-No. S5442 >)). References: (1) M. Kirsch et al.; J. Pineal Res. 40(1), 10 (2006), (2) V.M. Dirsch et al.; Biol. Proc. Online 5(1), 136 (2003), (3) N. Nagata et al.; J. Biochem. 125(4), 658 (1999), (4) H. Kojima et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46, 373 (1998), (5) H. Kojima et al.; Anal. Chem. 70, 2446 (1998)

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

4,5-Diaminofluorescein triazole (DAF-2T) can be used as a reference material for DAF-2 (S5439 >).References: (1) M. Feelisch et al;, Free Radical Biol. Med. 38(3), 356 (2005);  (2) T. Nagano et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277(1), 47 (2002); (3) T. Nagano et al.; FEBS Letters 427(2), 263 (1998); (4) H. Kojima et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46(2), 373 (1998)

5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), which was originally used to measure intracellular pH but was soon adapted for use as a cell viability indicator. Upon hydrolysis by intracellular nonspecific esterases, CFDA forms carboxyfluorescein.

Amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 584 nm, Em: 599 nm). The amine-reactive derivative of carboxy-X-rhodamine has a long-wave fluorescence emission and is widely used as a fluorescent label for convenient covalent labeling of proteins and alkylaminomodified nucleic acids.

5/6-ROX (5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a derivative of the amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Compared to the fluoresceine family of dyes, Rhodamine dyes are more resistant to photo bleaching and stable over a wider pH range. The relatively long wavelength emission maximum for ROX makes it an attractive choice in multiplex detection systems. 5-ROX >, 6-ROX > and their mixture 5/6-ROX > are used in the labeling of biomolecules by EDC-mediated reactions. Derivatives of ROX are used in the labeling of proteins, peptides and other biological ligands. Succinimidyl ester with the derivative 5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (5(6) Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester / 5(6) ROX SE >) are frequently used in the oligonucleotide labeling and for automated applications in DNA sequencing. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

Green fluorescent thiol-reactive dye (Ex/Em: 494/519nm) for bioconjugation, widely used as protein and peptide fluorescent labeling reagent, easily conjugating fluorescein. The reaction requires very mild condition and is highly specific. The maleimide group reacts optimally with sulfhydryl groups on cysteine side chains at pH 7, forming a stable thioether bond. The compound can be used to label proteins for the detection of conformational changes, assembly of multisubunit complexes, and ligand-binding processes.

4-(4,5diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) as reagent for amines was used successfully to derivatize and fluorescence detection enantiomers of methamphetamin and phydroxymethamphetamin, in urine samples. DIBCl showed superior fluorescence intensity (FI) to other commercially available reagents, excellent stability in solution and high reactivity with primary and secondary amines under mild conditions. DIB-Cl as a label was used on fluorescent derivatization some hydroxyl group containing endocrine disruptors, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and 4-nonylphenol (4NP).

3-(4,6-Difluorotriazinyl)amino-7-methoxycoumarin is used as a polarity fluorescence probe.

9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid. Reagent for the assay of O2. This substance shows a better characteristic than 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis-dipropionic acid.

Amine-reactive carboxytetramethylrhodamine is one of the most commonly used red fluorescent dye marker for fluorescence labeling, especially for labeling of biomolecules (Abs: 554 nm, Em: 577 nm). This single isomer amine-reactive red fluorescent derivatization reagent may be used for covalent labeling of proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546 nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543 nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser.

Fluorescent reagents (probe, stain, label) with reactive functional group for chromatography or spectroscopy. Derivatization agent. Used for membrane research, luminescent detection, molecular biology, protein modifications, protein structural analysis and proteomics. Carbohydrate labels for chromatography.

5-ROX (5-carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a derivative of the amine-reactive carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX). Compared to the fluoresceine family of dyes, Rhodamine dyes are more resistant to photo bleaching and stable over a wider pH range. The relatively long wavelength emission maximum for ROX makes it an attractive choice in multiplex detection systems. 5-ROX >, 6-ROX > and their mixture 5/6-ROX > are used in the labeling of biomolecules by EDC-mediated reactions. Derivatives of ROX are used in the labeling of proteins, peptides and other biological ligands. Succinimidyl ester with the derivative 5/6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (5(6) Carboxy-X-rhodaminsuccinimidylester / 5(6) ROX SE >) are frequently used in the oligonucleotide labeling and for automated applications in DNA sequencing. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

5-Carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein and other fluoreszence dyes. Genaxxon bioscience offers a broad range of different fluorscence dyes for labelling probes or for other research purposes. This non-activated fluorescein derivative is used as an orange fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

6-JOE (6-Carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein) and other fluoreszence dyes. Genaxxon bioscience offers a broad range of different fluorscence dyes for labelling probes or for other research purposes. This non-activated fluorescein derivative is used as an orange fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

5/6-TAMRA is a mixtures of the 5' and 6' isomers of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) free acid. The non-activated single isomer carboxytetramethyl rhodamine derivative is used as a red fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser. Succinimidyl esters of 5-TAMRA >, 6-TAMRA > or of the mixed 5/6 TAMRA isomers > are the labeling reagents of choice for the preparation of fluorescent bioconjugates, including peptide, protein, nucleotide and nucleic acid conjugates, especially for fluorescent antibodies or avidine derivatives used in immunochemistry. These fluorescent dyes are also used as acceptors for FAM > fluorophores in FRET studies. More Fluorescent Dyes from Genaxxon: 5/6-TAMRA >, 5-TAMRA >, FAM >, ROX >, DAF-2 >.

Labeling of cell-surface functional groups (glycophorins). Detection of protein carbonyls in aging tissues.

5-TAMRA is the pure 5-isomer of carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR) free acid. The non-activated single isomer carboxytetramethyl rhodamine derivative is used as a red fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. The fluorescence quantum yield of TAMRA conjugates is about one-fourth that of fluorescein conjugates. Nevertheless, TAMRA conjugates often appear brighter than the corresponding fluorescein conjugates due to the fact that TAMRA is readily excited by the 546nm spectral line from mercury-arc lamps used in most fluorescence microscopes and is intrinsically more photostable than fluorescein. TAMRA is also efficiently excited by the 543nm spectral line of the green He-Ne laser. Succinimidyl esters of 5-TAMRA >, 6-TAMRA > or of the mixed 5/6 TAMRA isomers > are the labeling reagents of choice for the preparation of fluorescent bioconjugates, including peptide, protein, nucleotide and nucleic acid conjugates, especially for fluorescent antibodies or avidine derivatives used in immunochemistry. These fluorescent dyes are also used as acceptors for FAM > fluorophores in FRET studies. More Fluorescent Dyes from Genaxxon: 5/6-TAMRA >, 5-TAMRA >, FAM >, ROX >, DAF-2 >.

AEBSF is an irreversible inhibitor of Thrombin and other Serin proteases (Chymotrypsin, Kallikrein, Plasmin, Proteinase K, Trypsin) by sulfonylation of a functional group in the active centre of the enzyme. AEBSF is much less toxic compared to PMSF and DFP and therefore recommended to substitute these reagents. AEBSF is highly soluble in water resulting in a solution of pH 6.5. At this pH AEBSF is most stable. We recommend to store stock solutions (20 mM or 100 mM in water or buffer) at -20°C for up to 2 months and prepare fresh working solutions. AEBSF is used at a working concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mM. Walsmann, P. et al. (1972) Acta biol. med. germ. 28, 577-585, Nathan, D.F. & Linquist, S. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 3917-3925. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

Fluorescein-diacetate-5/6-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

5/6-Carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein and other fluoreszence dyes. Genaxxon bioscience offers a broad range of different fluorscence dyes for labelling probes or for other research purposes. This non-activated fluorescein derivative is used as an orange fluorescent derivatization reagent for covalently labeling proteins and alkylamino modified nucleic acids. Genaxxon bioscience offers a wide range of fluorescent dyes for designing your probe or for other research purposes. More fluorescent dyes > from Genaxxon: S5409 FAM >, S5410 TAMRA >, S5439 DAF-2 >, etc.

GelRed(TM) is an ultra sensitive, extremely stable fluorescent dye designed to replace the toxic and possibly mutagenic ethidium bromide (EtBr) for staining dsDNA, ssDNA or RNA in agarose gels or polyacrylamide gels. GelRed(TM) is far more sensitive than EtBr without requiring a destaining step. GelRed(TM) is far less toxic and mutagenic compared to EtBr while both show virtually the same UV-spectra, so you can directly replace EtBr with GelRed(TM) without changing your existing imaging system. GelRed(TM) can be used to stain dsDNA, ssDNA or RNA in agarose gel via either precast or post gel staining. GelRed(TM) can also be used to stain dsDNA, ssDNA or RNA in polyacrylamide gel via post gel staining. GelRed(TM) is also compatible with downstream DNA manipulations such as digestion with a restriction enzyme, Southern blotting techniques and clonings. A series of safety tests has confirmed that GelRed(TM) is noncytotoxic, nonmutagenic and nonhazardous at concentrations well above the working concentrations used in gel staining. As a result, GelRed(TM) can be safely disposed in regular trash, providing convenience and reducing cost in waste disposal. This fluorescent dye is supplied as a 10,000X solution in water. For customers who look for large pack size, we offer a cost-saving bulk pack size of 2mL, 5mL or 10mL (M3199.1010). For high-class agarose gels we offer the Genaxxon standard agarose LE > or our speciality agaroses for high resolution Tiny (M3046) > and Tiny HT (M3047) >.

AMCA is one of the brightest amine-reactive blue fluorescent dyes useful for immunofluorescence and fluorescent labeling (Ex/Em: 353/455nm). It is quite photostable, and its fluorescence is pH-independent from pH 4 to 10. The properties include a relatively large Stoke's shift and resistance to photobleaching. Reactive AMCA derivatives are used as contrasting probes for double and triple labeling in immunofluorescence microscopy, arrays and in situ hybridization. NHS-AMCA and Sulfo-NHS-AMCA are reactive towards primary amine groups on antibodies, proteins, peptides and other biomolecules. AMCA-Hydrazide is used to label glycosylation sites or for conjugation to carboxyl groups using the crosslinker EDC.

NBD chloride is nonfluorescent until it reacts with primary or secondary amines to produce a fluorescent product. NBD chloride has been extensively used as a derivatizing reagent for chromatography analysis of amino acids and low molecular weight amines.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 is a cell-permeable non-fluorescent substance used as an indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) substances. Dihydrorhodamine 123 will diffuse across membranes where it is oxidized by peroxynitrite to rhodamine 123 which localizes in the mitochondria and exhibits green fluorescence (Ex/Em wavelengths of 500 and 536 nm). Dihydrorhodamine 123 is used for investigation on reactive oxygen intermediates produced by human and murine phagocytes, activated rat mast cells and cultured endothelial cells. In addition, it has been used together with Fura Red calcium indicator to simultaneously measure oxidative bursts and Ca2+ fluxes in monocytes and granulocytes. Dihydrorhodamine 123 has been shown to be a more sensitive probe than H2DCFDA for detecting granulocyte respiratory bursts.

Fluorescent probe used for investigation of binding sites of fatty acid and sterol carrier proteins, also used for cell membrane staining.

The reagent, a cyanine dye, can be used as a label for the determination of proteins with NIR-fluorescent technology. The absorption-maxima of the reagent lies in a region of low interference by other biomolecules. The isothiocyanate-moiety is used to link the reagent to proteins which can sensitively be detected.

Activated ester of ruthenium complex for acylation of amino acid side chain amines. This label is perfectly suitable for 1D- or 2D-protein gel staining. A simple pre-electrophoresis procedure provides a sensitivity better than SYPRO Ruby and a similar dynamic range. In contrast to SYPRO Ruby, this staining exhibits a logarithmic dependency on the amount of protein.

5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate

E-64 is an irreversible inhibitor of different cysteine proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin, cathepsin B, H and L, tumor-cathepsin, calpain, V-CATH from Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedro virus (AcMNPV) and Streptococcus-protease). All enzymes are completely inhibited by a concentration of 10 - 30 μM within 30 minutes. E-64 and other protease inhibitors (e. g. diisopropylfluorophosphate and PMSF) are able to inhibit the programmed cell death, that is induced by activation of the T cell receptor in different cell lines of the immune system, not by blocking the signal transduction. The effect of dexamethason, which induces apoptosis as an antagonist of the T cell receptor, is enhanced. If proteins are expressed in the baculo virus system with a functional v-cath gene, very often a proteolytic activity can be observed. This reduces the quality of the expressed protein significantly. The addition of E-64 to all reaction steps avoids the degradation almost completely. Stability: E-64 is stable against reducing agents. Stock solutions have concentrations between 1mM and 10mM in DMSO or 50% ethanol and are stable for several days, if stored at +4°C. Aliquots may be stored at -20°C for approx. one month. Synonyme: trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butan; L-trans-3-Carboxyoxiran-2-carbonyl-L-leucylagmatin; N-(trans-Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucin-4-guanidinobutylamid You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

2-Anthracenylsulfonyl chloride

5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passivley diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

Fluorescein-diacetate-5-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

Fluorescein-diacetate-6-isothiocyanate. Fluorescent reagent with high selectivity.

DEAC, acid is a useful blue fluorescent building block for labeling amine-containing biomolecules. 7-(Diethylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid is a reagent for the derivatisation of amines and proteins. It has also been used for labelling synthetic peptides for high-throughput detection.

DAR-2 (5,6-Diamino-N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-rhodamine) is a sensitive NO probe, LOD of 10nM, shows higher photostability than the classical fluorescein derivative DAF.

2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein is a fluorescent dye. Spectral data: Extinction 504nm/Emmission 529nm, in 0.1 M Tris pH 8.0. It is used for the determination of carbohydrates by fluorescence densitometry after TLC, in the determination of H2O2 by chemiluminescence, and as a fluorescent additive used in indirect fluorimetric detection in OTC-HPLC. Used as a component/substrate of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay to quantitate reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Derivatization (fluorescent) reagent for the HPLC determination of aliphatic thiols.