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Synonym: Adenosin, Adenosine, 9-β-D-Ribofuranosyladenine, Adenine riboside, Adenine-9-β-D-ribofuranoside, D-Adenosine

Exosome Ultra are lyophilized exosomes that can be used as reference material/standard for your exosome research. Simply dissolve the lyophilized exosomes in sterile water for immediate use. Origin: Human MSC.Exosomes are small, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (membrane-enclosed particles of 30 - 120nm) derived from endosomes, and are secreted continiously by cells. Among other things, exosomes are extremely important in cell-cell communication (cell signaling) and can provide extremely valuable information about the protein, lipid, metabolite and nucleic acid composition of the original mother cell. Examination of the content of the exosomes can provide information on cell health, overall disease status and more. Therefore exosomes are studied to be used for diagnostic purposes especially as it has been shown that exosomes play a role in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases.

Porcine Luteinizing Hormone is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain which stimulates maturation of follicle, induces ovulation, accelerates formation of corpus luteum and secretion of pregnanolone. Porcine Luteinizing Hormone delays ovulation.

200mM L-glutamine solution (100-times) for cell culture applications.L-Glutamine is an amino acid that is essential for cell culture. L-Glutamine is used in the formation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, amino sugars, glutathione, L-glutamate, and other amino acids, as well as in protein synthesis and glucose production. Unlike most other amino acids, L-glutamine is not stable in solution. The rate at which degradation proceeds is a function of time, temperature, and pH. Genaxxon L-glutamine is a ready-to-use 200mM stock solution that acts as a cell culture supplement. The optimal concentration is dependent upon the cell type and medium used to culture the cells, but generally falls in the range of 2–6mM. Genaxxon offers also a stable glutamine (L-alanyl-L-glutamine) > which is not degraded in solution and can be used by cells instead of L-glutamine.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone synthesised and secreted by gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland. FSH and LH act synergistically in reproduction in women, in the ovary FSH stimulates the growth of immature Graafian follicles to maturation. As the follicle grows it releases inhibin, which shuts off the FSH production. In men, FSH enhances the production of androgen-binding proteinby the Sertoli cells of the testes and is critical for spermatogenesis. In both males and females, FSH stimulates the maturation of germ cells. In females, FSH initiates follicular growth, specifically affecting granulosa cells. With the concomitant rise in Inhibin B, FSH levels decline in the late follicular phase. This seems to be critical in selecting only the most advanced follicle to proceed to ovulation. At the end of the luteal phase, there is a slight rise in FSH that seems to be of importance to start the next ovulatory cycle. Like its partner, LH, FSH release at the pituitary gland is controlled by pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH). Those pulses, in turn, are subject to the estrogen feed-back from the gonads.

Human Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2. GH-releasing peptides (GHRPs) are synthetic peptides that like GHRH act directly on pituitary somatotrophs to stimulate GH release. GHRP-2, an investigational drug, is one of the most potent members of the GHRP family. It has been shown to be effective in adults via the oral and intranasal as well as the iv route of administration. Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Synthetic is a synthetic peptide including unnatural D-form amino acids (D-Ala-D-2-NAL-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys). Synonyms: GHRP-2, GHRP.

Synonyms: Parathyrin, PTH, Parathormone. Rec. Parathyroid Hormone Human (C181H290N55O51S2) produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 34 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 4117.8 Dalton.

CRH is a powerful stimulator of synthesis and secretion of preopiomelanocortin-derived peptides. CRH concentration in the human peripheral circulation is usually low. The concentration rises during pregnancy and fall back quickly after parturition. Maternal plasma CRH most likely originates from the placenta. Human plasma has a CRH-binding protein that inactivates CRH and can inhibit inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy. Human recombinant CRHBP is a 34.58 kDa protein containing 308 aa and fused to a 10 aa N-Terminal His-tag. Synonyms: Corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein, CRF-BP, CRH-BP, CRF-binding protein. Amino acid sequence: MKHHHHHHAS YLELREAADY DPFLLFSANL KRELAGEQPY RRALRCLDML SLQGQFTFTA DRPQLHCAAF FISEPEEFIT IHYDQVSIDC QGGDFLKVFD GWILKGEKFP SSQDHPLPSA ERYIDFCESG LSRRSIRSSQ NVAMIFFRVH EPGNGFTLTI KTDPNLFPCN VISQTPNGKF TLVVPHQHRN CSFSIIYPVV IKISDLTLGH VNGLQLKKSS AGCEGIGDFV ELLGGTGLDP SKMTPLADLC YPFHGPAQMK VGCDNTVVRM VSSGKHVNRV TFEYRQLEPY ELENPNGNSI GEFCLSGL YLELREAADY DPFLLFSANL KRELAGEQPY RRALRCLDML SLQGQFTFTA DRPQLHCAAF FISEPEEFIT IHYDQVSIDC QGGDFLKVFD GWILKGEKFP SSQDHPLPSA ERYIDFCESG LSRRSIRSSQ NVAMIFFRVH EPGNGFTLTI KTDPNLFPCN VISQTPNGKF TLVVPHQHRN CSFSIIYPVV IKISDLTLGH VNGLQLKKSS AGCEGIGDFV ELLGGTGLDP SKMTPLADLC YPFHGPAQMK VGCDNTVVRM VSSGKHVNRV TFEYRQLEPY ELENPNGNSI GEFCLSGL

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF or GHRF) or somatocrinin, is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation to the anterior pituitary gland where it stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion. GHRH also stimulates the production of GH. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH. In addition, GHRH also promotes slow-wave sleep directly. This synthetic Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide of 29 amino acids and a molecular mass of 3358.9 Dalton. It corresponds to the amino-terminal segment of the naturally occurring human growth hormone-releasing hormone of 44 amino acids. The amino acid sequence is Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-NH2. This GHRH peptide (1mg/mL) was lyophilized after extensive dialyses against 1.7mg sodium phosphate buffer (0.1mg sodium phosphate monobasic & 1.6mg sodium phosphate dibasic). Biological activity: GHRH increases plasma growth hormone concentrations by directly stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to release natural human growth hormone. Synonyms: Somatoliberin, Growth hormone-releasing factor, GRF, Growth hormone-releasing hormone, GHRH, Somatocrinin, Somatorelin, Sermorelin, GHRF, MGC119781.

Antide acetate is a peptide which acts as an LHRH antagonist and can be utilized by an animal’s body to represses FSH and LH releases that stem from the pituitary gland. Synthetic versions of this chemical have been developed for use/controlling of these reactions in a laboratory setting, both as a means to determine a potential medical use for antide acetate and to help researchers better understand the role of this chemical in an animal’s body when it is naturally produced. Antide acetate that is prepared for laboratory use is provided as a lyophilized sterile powder that can be reconstituted with an aqueous solution as necessary for the given application. Researchers are encouraged to seek out a supply that is prepared without additives, to ensure accurate and reliable testing results once the chemical is in use. Synonym: Ac-D-2-Nal-4-chloro-D-Phe-β-(3-pyridyl)-D-Ala-Ser-Lys(nicotinoyl)-D-Lys(nicotinoyl)-Leu-Lys(isopropyl)-Pro-D-Ala-NH₂ acetate salt.

N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamine (stable glutamine) for cell culture. L-glutamine is an essential amino acid that is essential for cell growth. While normal L-glutamine undergoes autohydrolysis and is therefore not stable in solution, it can be substituterd by the addition of stable N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamine which guarantees cell culture medium still containing "L-Glutamine" even after 2 years storage. N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamine is cleaved by cellular aminopeptidases into alanine and glutamine, providing the cell with the necessary supply of L-glutamine for growth. Mechanism:When cells are cultured in N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamine containing media, the cells gradually release aminopeptidases which hydrolyze the dipeptide, slowly releasing L-alanine and L-glutamine into the culture medium. L-glutamine and L-alanine can then be taken up by the cells and used for protein production or in the TCA cycle. This mechanism can be compared to the fed-batch culture strategy in which L-glutamine is continuously fed into the culture but kept at a low concentration. The result is an efficient energy metabolism and a high growth yield without excess ammonia.

L-alanyl-L-glutamin (stable Glutamine) for use in cell culture.

200mM L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine solution (100-times) (stabile Glutamine) is a ready-to-use, sterile 200mM cell culture media supplement.  The concentration of L-glutamine used in classical media ranges from 0.5mM in Ames' Medium to 10mM in MCDB Media 131. The more typical concentrations in media used is between 2 and 6mM. DMEM/F12 (50:50) is often used as a starting formulation for media used with Chinese Hamster Ovay, CHO, cells. L-glutamine in DMEM/F12 is 2.5mM. L-glutamine in DMEM, GMEM, IMDM and H-Y medium is 4mM.Normal L-Glutamin is not stable in solution. A drawback of the spontaneous breakdown once in solution is the generation of ammonia as a by-product, which is toxic to the cells and can affect protein glycosylation. One strategy to minimize generation of ammonia is to replace the L-glutamine in medium with stable glutamine (L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine) from Genaxxon. This supplement shows an improved stability compared to free L-Glutamine and considerable reduction of spontaneous ammonia generation. Stable glutamine is stable for 24 months at room temperature, +2 to +8°C or -20°C, thus ensuring user-friendly storage and operation.

Colcemid inhibits the formation of mitotic spindles. It is used to increase the percentage of metaphase cells for chromosome analysis. Colcemid depolymerizes microtubules; blocks mitosis at metaphase. Often in karyotyping and cell cycle research it is desirable to increase the yield of mitotic cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle. This can be achieved in a variety of ways with the most popular being the use of a cell cycle synchronizing agent such as demecolcine. Demecolcine will arrest cells in metaphase with no remarkable effect on the biochemical events in mitotic cells or in synchronized G1 and S phase cells. White blood cells are often treated with demecolcine to arrest cells in metaphase. You will find further protease inhibitors here: Inhibitors >: Pepstatin A >, AEBSF >, Leupeptin >, TLCK >, PMSF >, Bestatine > or Diisopropylphosphorofluoridat (DFP) >.

Hepes (N-2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) is used in biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology and cell culture as buffer substance with optimal buffer range at pH6.8-8.2 (pKa = 7.55 (20°C). Hepes is one of the "goods buffers." Dr. Norman Good et al. descriped in his work in 1966 a selection of "biological buffers" that display similar characteristics. These characteristics include: pKa value between 6.0 and 8.0, high solubility, non toxic, limited effect on biochemical reactions, very low absorbence between 240 nm and 700 nm, enzymatic and hydrolytic stability, minimal changes due to temperature and concentration, limited effects due to ionic or salt composition of the solution, limited interaction with mineral cations, and limited permeability of biological membranes. Goods buffers are: BES, BICINE, CAPS, EPPS, HEPES, MES, MOPS, PIPES, TAPS, TES, TRICINE. Reference:Good N.E. et al. (1966) Hydrogen Ion Buffers for Biological Research, Biochemistry 5, 467-77. Shipman jr. Ch. (1969) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 130, 305-10.

Genaxxon MEM Amino Acids Solution is a 50-time concentrated solution of all essential amino acid with the exception of L-glutamine. This supplement is used to increase cell growth and viability of cells in cell culture. Genaxxon MEM Amino Acids Solution is formulated to contain 50X the essential amino acids (except L-glutamine) found in the standard Minimum Essential Medium (MEM). The complete formulation is available. This product is for laboratory usage only. Genaxxon offers also L-glutamine as a ready-to-use 200mM concentrated solution (C4281 >).

Synonym: α-Ketopropionic acid sodium salt; 2-Oxopropanoic acid sodium salt; Pyruvic acid sodium salt.

Sterile water for cell culture and/or diagnostic use. Delivered in Nalgene bottles or Stedim bag. This distilled water is high-quality water for use as a solvent in the preparation of cell culture media and laboratory reagents. Available in many sizes to meet your needs.Cell culture qualityThis water is prepared by distillation and filtration (0.1µm), with no added substances. Water quality is monitored on a routine basis. Conductivity, total organic carbon, endotoxin, and bioburden are tested for each batch.

In contrast to our other serum replacement products, our fully synthetic serum replacement DC only contains chemically defined components (for difference to other Genaxxon serum replacement products, see table below). Our Serum Replacement DC contains recombinant proteins, lipids, salts, amino acids, trace elements, hormones and a special substrate release system for an optimized formulation. It contains no growth factors, nor undefined hydrolysates or peptones. All ingredients are defined components of non-animal origin. This means that there are no problems with BSE / TSE or virus contamination. The supplement is suitable for use with adherent and non-adherent cells. The defined and reproducible composition means that there is no need for time-consuming batch tests or batch reservations for our customers. At the same time there are no short-term price fluctuations as with "normal" fetal bovine serum. Product Catalogue number Key Feature Animal components Fetal Bovine Serum   for a variety of cell lines 100% Serum Replacement Basic C4368.0050 versatile and affordable <2% Serum Replacement NTA C4369.0050 optimized for adherent cells <2% Serum Replacement DC C4367.0050 chemically defined 0%

Serum Replacement Basic contains purified proteins (<1% w/v), lipids, salts, amino acids, trace elements, hormones and only traces of animal-derived components (<1% w/v). It contains no growth factors, undefined hydrolysates or peptones. Serum Replacement Basic was developed to replace or to reduce serum in the cell culture in a very simple manner. In most cases there is no need to change the basal medium. As Serum Replacement Basic is fully defined and contains no peptones or hydrolysates, lot testing and batch reservation is no more necessary. It also allows high reproducibility and a simplified downstream process. As Serum Replacement Basic contains no growth factors it enables defined proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Characterization studies of growth factors will obtain more reproducible and clearer results.  Other Serum Replacement Supplements from Genaxxon Product Catalogue number Key Feature Animal components Fetal Bovine Serum   for a variety of cell lines 100% Serum Replacement Basic C4368.0050 versatile and affordable <2% Serum Replacement NTA C4369.0050 optimized for adherent cells <2% Serum Replacement DC C4367.0050 chemically defined 0%

Unser Serum Replacement NTA Medium enthält gereinigte Proteine (<2% w/v), Lipide, Salze, Aminosäuren, Spurenelemente, Hormone und Spuren tierischer Bestandteile (<2% w/v). Das Medium enthält keine Wachstumsfaktoren oder nicht definierte Hydrolysate, bzw. Peptone. Unterschied zu anderen Genaxxon Serum-Replacement-Produkten siehe in Tabelle unten. Alle enthaltenen Bestandteile sind ausschließlich definierte Komponenten Ursprungs. Damit gibt es keine Probleme mit BSE/TSE oder Virenverunreinigungen. Serum Replacement NTA ist speziell für die Anwendung adherenter Zellen unter serumfreien Bedingungen optimiert und kann in der Standardkonzentration von 10% in der Zellkultur verwendet werden. Es unterstützt das adhärente Wachstum vieler Zelltypen in optimaler Weise. Durch die definierte und reproduzierbare Zusammensetzung entfallen aufwändige Chargentests und Batchreservierungen für unsere Kunden. Gleichzeitig gibt es keine kurzfristigen Preisschwanken wie bei "normalem" foetalem Rinderserum. Produkt Katalognummer Hauptmerkmal Tierische Komponenten Fetal Bovine Serum   für eine Vielzahl von Zelllinien 100% Serum Replacement Basic C4368.0050 kostengünstige, vielseitig einsetzbare Option <2% Serum Replacement NTA C4369.0050 optimiert für adhärente Zellen <2% Serum Replacement DC C4367.0050 chemisch definiert 0%

Synonym: 1-(2-Deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil, 1-(2-Deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)thymine, 2′-Deoxythymidine, Thymine deoxyriboside, dT

Cytosin, 4-Amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine. Cytosine is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine. In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.

Uracil for cell culture