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Product information "ATP (Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate), disodium salt"
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the universal and immediately available energy source in cells and an important regulator of energy providing processes. The molecule adenosine triphosphate consists of an adenine, the sugar ribose and three phosphate (α to γ) in ester (α) or anhydride bond (β and γ). It was shown that ATP has an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response by abrogating secretion of TNF-α and promoting secretion of Interleukin-10.
Synonyms: ATP, Adenosin-5'-Triphosphat.
Also available from Genaxxon: NADH Na salt (reduced) >.
Specifications:
Assay: min. 98% (HPLC)
DNases/RNases/proteases: not detected
Heavy metals (as Pb): 0.001%
ADP: max. 1%
AMP: max. 0.5%
Water (K.F.): ca. 10%
MW=551.10g/mol
C10H14N5Na2O13P3.
Application:
• in vitro transcription • RNA amplification • siRNA synthesis • aRNA synthesis • Ligation • PhosphorylationSource:
syntheticClassification:
Documents:
CertificateAccessory Items
T4 DNA Ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bonds between 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl termini in duplex DNA/RNA. The enzyme can join blunt end and cohesive end termini, repair single stranded nicks in duplex DNA, RNA, or DNA/RNA hybrids.Cohesive End Ligation:For most cohesive end ligations, a 30 minute incubation at 20°C is sufficient. Incubations at 16°C for 4-16 hours are routinely used for the majority of applications. Ligation of blunt ends and single-base pair overhang fragments requires more enzyme to achieve the same extent of ligation as cohesive end DNA fragments. Ligation may be enhanced by addition of PEG, or by reducing the rATP concentration. - T4 DNA Ligase requires ATP > as a cofactor.- T4 DNA Ligase is strongly inhibited by NaCL or KCl if their concentration exceeds 200mM.- Ligation of blunt-ended and single-base pair overhang fragments requires about 50-times as much enzyme to achieve the same extent of ligations cohesive-end DNA fragments.- Blunt-end ligation may be enhanced by addition of PEG 4000 (10% w/v) final concentration or hexamine chloride, or by reducing the ATP concentration to 50µM.- To dilute T4 DNA Ligase for subsequent storage at -20°C the usage of a storage buffer containing 50% glycerol is recommended.- To dilute T4 DNA Ligase for immediate use, usage of 1X Reaction Buffer is recommended.Applications • Cloning of restriction enzymes generated DNA fragments • Cloning of PCR products • Connection of double-stranded oligonucleotide linkers or adapters with DNA • site-specific mutagenesis • Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) • Nicking repair in duplex DNA, RNA or DNA/RNA hybrids • Self-circulation of linear DNA.Definition of T4 Ligase activity2 different definitions of T4 Ligase activities are used!One Weiss unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to convert 1 nmol of 32P-labeled inorganic pyrophosphate into Norit adsorbable material in 20 minutes at 37°C, using specified reaction conditions (Weiss, B., et al., (1968) J. Biol. Chem., 243, 4543). Norit is a type of activated carbon.A Cohesive End Unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to give 50% ligation of Hind III fragments of lambda DNA (5´ DNA termini concentration of 0.12µM (300µg/mL)) in 20µL of 1X T4 DNA Ligase Buffer in 30 minutes at 16°C. The conversion factor between the two activities is: One Cohesive End Ligation units (CEL units) corresponds to 0.015 Weiss units. One Weiss unit therefore corresponds to 66.67 Cohesive End Ligation units (CEL units).
Accessory Items
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced - Tetrasodium salt in short NADPH is the reduced version of NADP+ and can transfer a hydride atom to another reaction partner in a redox reaction. The abbreviations NADP+ for the oxidized form, NADPH for the reduced form and NADP in general are proposed by IUPAC. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate (NADP +) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate, reduced (NADPH), comprise a coenzyme redox couple (NADP+ : NADPH) involved in a variety of enzyme-catalyzed oxidation-reduction reactions. The NADP+ / NADPH redox couple facilitates electron transfer in anabolic reactions such as lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis and fatty acyl chain extension. The NADP+ / NADPH redox system is used in a variety of antioxidant mechanisms to prevent the accumulation of reactive oxidation products. NADPH is generated in vivo by the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).
Synonym: β-DPNH; DPNH; Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form; beta-NADH disodium salt hydrate, reduced. Substrate for the reduction of oxaloacetate and for the reduction of pyruvate Composition of the buffer for the reduction of oxaloacetate: 30mM potassium phosphate pH7.5, 0.5mM oxaloacetate, 0.1mM NADH, 20mM KCl, 5mM MgCl2.Composition of the buffer for the reduction of pyruvate: 10 mM MOPS pH6.1, 10mM Na-pyruvate, 100mM Na2CO3, 0.1mM NADH, 5mM MgCl2. Also available from Genaxxon: M6058 NADPH tetrasodium salt, min. 98% >.
2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (ddATP) sodium salt of purity >95% HPLC. For other salt forms or a guaranteed higher purity please inquire. 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine-5'-Triphosphate (ddATP) is a modified nucleoside triphosphate, where the 2' and 3' hydroxyl groups are absent, resulting in chain termination while PCR. The inability of polymerases to extend from a dideoxy nucleotide causes the chain termination and is widely useful in antiviral research and in a variety of biotechnology applications. ddATP is used in cycle sequencing, enzyme mechanistic studies and for producing RNA and DNA sequences that cannot be extended by polymerases or joined by DNA ligases. Another notable application that utilizes a primer terminated on the 3′ end with a dideoxy modification is pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization (PAP). This technique is valuable for the detection of rare mutations. Reference: Sanger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74, 5463 - 5467 (1977). ddATP is an analogue of cyditine triphosphate (ATP) where both ribose hydroxy groups have been removed and replaced by hydrogen.